Shifting norms and standards for disclosing individual research results have primarily focused on genetic information. Yet, researchers across fields are now focusing on non-genetic biomarkers as indicators of disease pathology or risk for future disease onset. As non-genetic biomarker research advances, researchers may face novel challenges associated with returning individual research results. Guidelines and standards for disclosing genetic information through research may not be sufficient for non-genetic biomarkers. The presentation will report on research norms, isolate potential gaps in evidence, and propose a research and policy approach to advance safe disclosure of non-genetic biomarkers. We conducted a PRISMA-SR to identify sources (published empirical studies, conceptual scholarship, guidelines) that evaluate and inform the ethical, legal, and policy norms for return of results (RoR). Relevant sources were coded using contextual analysis within RedCap. We conducted a supplementary search to identify new findings published after the initial search. Ninety-seven (n= 97) sources were included for analysis (72 reported on empirical research to evaluate RoR practices; 77 considered genetic results; 12 focused on non-genetic biomarker results). Most (n=67) evaluated factors for determining whether to return individual results. Approximately half discussed the potential benefits of RoR. Similarly, about half discussed potential harmful outcomes. Relevant disclosure factors included actionability, acceptability, and interpretability. About half of the sources evaluated or recommended specific practices or approaches of disclosing results to participants. We evaluated these results to identify gaps in the literature on providing guidance specific to non-genetic biomarker RoR practices.
